![]() ![]() After the death of Alexander of Macedon and the expulsion of the Athenian colonists from Samos by Perdiccas, Epicurus left Athens to join his father in Colophon for some time he stayed there and gathered students around him, then returned to Athens again during the archonship of Anaxicrates (307–306 B.C.).įor a while, it is said, he pursued his studies in common with other philosophers, but afterwards put forward independent views by founding the school named after him. Despite the ridicule to which he has been subjected, Diogenes Laertius has some undeniable virtues.Diogenes Laertius (3rd Century AD) is the primary source for the surviving complete letters of Epicurus and for biographical and other pertinent information about him:Įpicurus, son of Neocles and Chaerestrate, was an Athenian of the Gargettus ward and the Philaidae clan, as Metrodorus says in his book “On Noble Birth.” He is said by Heraclides (in his Epitome of Sotion) as well as by others, to have been brought up at Samos after the Athenians had sent colonists there and to have come to Athens at the age of eighteen, at the time when Xenocrates was head of the Academy and Aristotle was in Chalcis. If so, it was not an altogether unhappy quirk. That his work should endure, when the vast majority of the philosophical writings he drew on perished, may simply have been a “quirk of fate”-so guesses James Miller, the editor of this welcome new translation. ![]() There is a hint in his text that he might have been a native of the eastern city of Nicea. Even his slightly absurd Greco-Roman name is a puzzle-was “Laertius” some kind of nickname? Judging from the historical references in Lives (which stop just short of the Neoplatonists), he probably lived early in the third century CE. In fact, almost nothing is known about the man. (Still, the nineteen or so dialogues Aristotle composed-esteemed for their literary quality by Cicero as “a river of flowing gold”-were somehow mislaid by Western civilization.) But Diogenes Laertius didn’t have a school, as far as anyone knows. Aristotle too founded a school, and his treatises were widely copied and studied. We still have Plato’s dialogues because they were diligently preserved by the Academy. What made this fellow so lucky? It’s not hard to explain why certain works survive. And by dint of that, its author has become what Nietzsche called “the night watchman of the history of Greek philosophy: no one can enter into it unless he has given him the key.” ![]() Well, Lives of the Eminent Philosophers showed up. But those other sources are lost, which makes what Diogenes Laertius left behind, to quote the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “truly priceless.” Eighty percent of success is showing up, Woody Allen supposedly said. He may have produced a scissors-and-paste job cribbed from other ancient sources. He may have been credulous and intellectually shallow. ![]() Then why waste time on him? For this excellent reason: Diogenes Laertius compiled the sole extant work from antiquity that gives anything like a comprehensive picture of Greek and Hellenistic philosophy. And he had “no talent for philosophical exposition,” declares The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. In his lyric moods he wrote “perhaps the worst verses ever published,” an anthologist pronounced. An “ignoramus,” declared the twentieth-century classicist Werner Jaeger. A “perfect ass”-“ asinus germanus”-one nineteenth-century scholar called him. de Maupassant, c.1900 From The New York Review of Books: Illustration for the story “The Donkey” by G. ![]()
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